CVE-2020-2638 in Enterprise Manager for Database
Summary
by MITRE
Vulnerability in the Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Enterprise Config Management). Supported versions that are affected are 12.1.0.5, 13.2.0.0 and 13.3.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 6.0 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L).
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 03/22/2024
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2020-2638 resides within Oracle Enterprise Manager's Enterprise Config Management component, specifically affecting versions 12.1.0.5, 13.2.0.0, and 13.3.0.0 of the Oracle Database Enterprise Manager product. This represents a significant security weakness that exploits the configuration management functionality of the enterprise monitoring platform, which is designed to manage and monitor database environments across organizations. The vulnerability's classification as easily exploitable indicates that attackers with minimal technical expertise can leverage this flaw, particularly when they possess network access through HTTP protocols. The CVSS 3.0 score of 6.0 reflects a medium severity threat that combines high confidentiality impact, low integrity impact, and low availability impact, suggesting that while the primary concern is data exposure, the potential for system disruption exists.
The technical flaw manifests as a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows attackers with high privileged access to perform unauthorized operations within the Enterprise Manager environment. This vulnerability specifically targets the configuration management capabilities that control how database systems are monitored and managed, potentially enabling attackers to gain access to critical data repositories that contain sensitive configuration information, database credentials, and operational parameters. The attack vector through HTTP network access means that an attacker positioned within the network perimeter or able to establish HTTP connections can exploit this weakness without requiring physical access to the systems. The vulnerability's impact extends beyond simple data access to include unauthorized modification capabilities, allowing attackers to insert, update, or delete data within the monitored database environment, which could lead to system compromise or operational disruption.
The operational consequences of this vulnerability are substantial for organizations relying on Oracle Enterprise Manager for database monitoring and management. Successful exploitation could result in complete unauthorized access to all data accessible through the Enterprise Manager interface, potentially exposing sensitive organizational information including database connection strings, user credentials, and system configurations. The ability to perform unauthorized updates, inserts, or deletes within the database environment creates additional risks for data integrity and system availability, as malicious actors could manipulate configuration settings or corrupt monitoring data. Furthermore, the partial denial of service capability means that attackers could potentially disrupt monitoring operations, leading to loss of visibility into database systems and delayed detection of security incidents. This vulnerability directly impacts the integrity of the monitoring infrastructure, potentially causing false security alerts or masking actual security breaches within the monitored database environment.
Organizations should implement immediate mitigation strategies including applying the relevant Oracle patches and updates released to address this vulnerability, as well as implementing network segmentation and access controls to limit HTTP access to the Enterprise Manager components. The configuration management functionality should be reviewed and restricted to only necessary administrative accounts with appropriate authentication mechanisms. Network monitoring should be enhanced to detect unusual HTTP traffic patterns related to configuration management operations. Additionally, organizations should conduct thorough audits of their Enterprise Manager configurations to identify and remediate any unnecessary access permissions. This vulnerability aligns with CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) and may be categorized under ATT&CK techniques related to privilege escalation and credential access, emphasizing the importance of proper access controls and network security measures to prevent unauthorized access to enterprise monitoring systems.