CVE-2024-9495 in CP210x VCP Windows
Summary
by MITRE • 01/24/2025
DLL hijacking vulnerabilities, caused by an uncontrolled search path in the CP210x VCP Windows
installer can lead to privilege escalation and arbitrary code execution when running the impacted installer.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 01/24/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-9495 represents a critical DLL hijacking flaw within the CP210x VCP Windows installer component. This issue stems from improper handling of dynamic link library search paths during the installation process, creating a pathway for malicious actors to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. The vulnerability specifically affects Silicon Laboratories CP210x USB-to-Serial converter drivers and their associated Windows installer utilities. The root cause lies in the installer's failure to properly control the library search order, allowing attackers to place malicious DLLs in locations that are searched before legitimate system libraries, thereby enabling privilege escalation.
This vulnerability operates under the broader category of CWE-427 Uncontrolled Search Path, which is classified under the Common Weakness Enumeration framework as a fundamental flaw in software design that permits attackers to manipulate the execution flow of applications. The attack vector specifically targets the Windows installer process, which typically runs with elevated privileges during installation, making the potential impact significantly more severe than typical user-mode vulnerabilities. The installer process searches for required libraries in a predictable order that includes user-writable directories, creating opportunities for attackers to substitute legitimate DLLs with malicious ones that will be executed during the installation sequence.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution to encompass complete system compromise when exploited successfully. An attacker with local access to a target system can manipulate the installer environment to load malicious code, potentially gaining SYSTEM-level privileges depending on how the installation process is initiated. This vulnerability is particularly concerning in enterprise environments where USB devices are frequently used and where administrative privileges may be granted to regular users. The attack requires minimal sophistication to execute, as it relies on predictable installer behavior rather than complex exploitation techniques, making it a high-value target for both automated attacks and targeted campaigns.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2024-9495 should focus on both immediate defensive measures and long-term architectural improvements. Immediate actions include ensuring that the affected CP210x VCP drivers are updated to versions that address the uncontrolled search path issue, typically through official vendor patches provided by Silicon Laboratories. Organizations should implement strict access controls to prevent unauthorized users from modifying installation directories and should consider using application whitelisting solutions to restrict execution of untrusted binaries. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this vulnerability under T1546.009 Exploitation for Privilege Escalation, highlighting the need for comprehensive endpoint protection measures including process monitoring and suspicious file activity detection. System administrators should also consider implementing least privilege principles for installation processes and regularly audit installation directories for unauthorized modifications to prevent successful exploitation attempts.