CVE-2025-28401 in RuoYi
Summary
by MITRE • 04/07/2025
An issue in RUoYi v.4.8.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the menuId parameter
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/27/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-28401 affects the RUoYi framework version 4.8.0 and represents a critical privilege escalation flaw that can be exploited by remote attackers. This issue stems from inadequate input validation within the menuId parameter handling mechanism, creating a pathway for unauthorized users to gain elevated system privileges. The vulnerability exists within the authentication and authorization framework of the application, specifically targeting the role-based access control implementation that governs user permissions and menu access rights.
The technical flaw manifests when the system processes the menuId parameter without proper sanitization or validation checks. Attackers can manipulate this parameter to bypass normal access controls and escalate their privileges to administrative levels. This weakness directly correlates to CWE-20, which addresses improper input validation, and CWE-269, which deals with insufficient privileges or incorrect access control. The vulnerability allows attackers to construct malicious requests that manipulate the authorization logic, effectively granting them access to restricted administrative functions and data that should be protected from standard user accounts.
Operationally, this privilege escalation vulnerability poses severe risks to organizations using RUoYi v.4.8.0 applications. Remote attackers can exploit this flaw from any network location without requiring physical access or prior authentication credentials. Once exploited, attackers gain full administrative access to the application, enabling them to modify user accounts, access sensitive data, alter system configurations, and potentially compromise the entire underlying infrastructure. The impact extends beyond immediate data theft to include potential lateral movement within networks and establishment of persistent backdoors. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1078 which covers valid accounts usage and privilege escalation through unauthorized access to administrative functions.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-28401 should prioritize immediate patching of the RUoYi framework to version 4.8.1 or later, which contains the necessary security fixes. Organizations should implement comprehensive input validation and sanitization measures for all parameters, particularly those related to authorization and access control. Network segmentation and firewall rules should be enforced to limit access to administrative interfaces, while monitoring systems should be deployed to detect anomalous privilege escalation attempts. Additionally, organizations should conduct thorough security assessments of their applications, implement principle of least privilege configurations, and establish regular security patching schedules to prevent similar vulnerabilities from emerging in the future. The fix should include proper parameter validation, input sanitization, and robust access control enforcement mechanisms that prevent unauthorized privilege escalation through manipulated menuId parameters.