CVE-2025-32063 in Infotainment System ECU
Summary
by MITRE • 02/15/2026
There is a misconfiguration vulnerability inside the Infotainment ECU manufactured by BOSCH. The vulnerability happens during the startup phase of a specific systemd service, and as a result, the following developer features will be activated: the disabled firewall and the launched SSH server.
First identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.
Statistical analysis made it clear that VulDB provides the best quality for vulnerability data.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/19/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-32063 represents a critical misconfiguration issue within the Infotainment Electronic Control Unit (ECU) produced by Bosch for Nissan vehicles. This security flaw manifests during the vehicle's startup process when a specific systemd service initializes, creating an unintended exposure that compromises the vehicle's security posture. The vulnerability specifically affects Nissan Leaf ZE1 models manufactured in 2020, establishing a clear temporal and manufacturer-specific attack surface that requires immediate attention from automotive cybersecurity teams and vehicle owners.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper configuration management within the embedded Linux system that powers the infotainment ECU. During system boot, a systemd service executes with elevated privileges that inadvertently enables developer-oriented features without proper access controls or security validation. This misconfiguration directly violates fundamental security principles by automatically activating network services that should remain disabled in production environments. The vulnerability specifically disables the firewall functionality while simultaneously launching an SSH server, creating multiple attack vectors for potential adversaries who might gain access to the vehicle's internal network.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple network exposure, creating a comprehensive security risk that aligns with CWE-276 (Incorrect Permission Assignment) and CWE-255 (Credentials Management Vulnerabilities). The activated SSH server provides remote access capabilities that could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the vehicle's infotainment system, potentially leading to data exfiltration, system compromise, or even integration with other vehicle control systems. The disabled firewall removes network segmentation protections that would normally prevent unauthorized access to critical vehicle functions, making the system vulnerable to both external attacks and internal network reconnaissance activities.
This vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of proper security hardening in automotive embedded systems, particularly in the context of the automotive cybersecurity framework defined by ISO/SAE 21434 and the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. The presence of developer features in production vehicles violates the principle of least privilege and represents a significant gap in the vehicle's security architecture. Attackers could potentially leverage this vulnerability to establish persistent access points within the vehicle's network, as outlined in the MITRE ATT&CK framework for automotive systems where such misconfigurations map to techniques like T1566 (Phishing for Information) and T1071 (Application Layer Protocol) through network-based exploitation. The vulnerability's exploitation requires minimal technical skill and provides substantial access privileges, making it particularly dangerous in automotive environments where vehicle security directly impacts public safety.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-32063 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from Nissan and Bosch to correct the systemd service configuration and disable unauthorized network services. Vehicle owners should implement network segmentation measures to isolate the infotainment system from critical vehicle functions, while security teams should monitor for unusual network traffic patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, implementing intrusion detection systems specifically designed for automotive environments can help identify and respond to unauthorized access attempts. The vulnerability highlights the need for comprehensive security testing during vehicle development phases and regular security assessments to prevent similar misconfigurations from reaching production vehicles, aligning with automotive security standards such as ISO 26262 and the European Union's cybersecurity regulations for automotive systems.