CVE-2025-32062 in Infotainment System ECU
Summary
by MITRE • 02/15/2026
The specific flaw exists within the Bluetooth stack developed by Alps Alpine of the Infotainment ECU manufactured by Bosch. The issue results from the lack of proper boundary validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a stack-based buffer overflow when receiving a specific packet on the established upper layer L2CAP channel. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to obtain remote code execution on the Infotainment ECU with root privileges.
First identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 02/20/2026
The vulnerability described in CVE-2025-32062 represents a critical security flaw within the Bluetooth communication stack of automotive infotainment systems manufactured by Bosch and implemented by Alps Alpine. This issue specifically affects the Infotainment ECU (Electronic Control Unit) found in Nissan Leaf ZE1 vehicles from 2020 model year, demonstrating how automotive cybersecurity risks can emerge from fundamental implementation flaws in communication protocols. The vulnerability exists at the protocol layer where user-supplied data is processed without adequate boundary checking mechanisms, creating a pathway for malicious actors to exploit the system's communication infrastructure.
The technical implementation of this flaw stems from insufficient input validation within the L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol) layer of the Bluetooth stack. When a specially crafted packet is received through the established upper layer L2CAP channel, the system fails to properly validate the size and content of the incoming data before processing it. This absence of boundary checks creates a classic stack-based buffer overflow condition where malicious data can overwrite adjacent memory locations in the system's stack memory. The vulnerability manifests as a direct consequence of CWE-121, which describes stack-based buffer overflow conditions that occur when insufficient bounds checking is performed on buffer operations.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and potentially catastrophic for automotive systems. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can achieve remote code execution with root privileges on the Infotainment ECU, effectively gaining complete administrative control over the vehicle's infotainment system. This level of access enables potential attackers to manipulate vehicle entertainment features, access vehicle diagnostics, and potentially interfere with other connected systems. The attack vector is particularly concerning because it operates over the Bluetooth protocol, which is commonly enabled in vehicles for connectivity and convenience features, making it accessible to attackers with minimal physical proximity or network access.
From an attack framework perspective, this vulnerability aligns with several ATT&CK techniques including T1059.007 for command and scripting interpreter and T1068 for exploit for privilege escalation. The attack chain typically involves sending a malformed Bluetooth packet to the target vehicle, triggering the buffer overflow condition that allows arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability also represents a significant concern for automotive security frameworks like ISO 21434, which emphasizes the need for secure development practices and proper input validation in automotive electronic systems. The presence of this flaw in vehicles manufactured as early as 2020 indicates a persistent security gap in automotive software development practices that requires immediate attention.
The mitigation strategies for this vulnerability should include immediate firmware updates from Bosch to address the buffer overflow condition through proper boundary validation and input sanitization. Additionally, network segmentation and Bluetooth access controls should be implemented to limit exposure of the vulnerable system to unauthorized access. Security monitoring should be enhanced to detect anomalous Bluetooth traffic patterns that might indicate exploitation attempts. Vehicle owners should be advised to disable Bluetooth functionality when not in use and to ensure their vehicles receive timely security updates. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of automotive security standards and the need for comprehensive threat modeling during the development lifecycle of automotive electronic systems.