CVE-2025-40690 in Online Fire Reporting System
Summary
by MITRE • 09/11/2025
SQL Injection in Online Fire Reporting System v1.2 by PHPGurukul. This vulnerability allows an attacker to retrieve, create, update and delete database via 'teamid' parameter in the endpoint '/ofrs/admin/edit-team.php'.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/12/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-40690 represents a critical SQL injection flaw within the Online Fire Reporting System version 1.2 developed by PHPGurukul. This security weakness exists in the administrative component of the application, specifically within the edit-team.php file which processes user input through the teamid parameter. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and improper parameter handling, allowing malicious actors to manipulate database queries through crafted input values. The affected system operates under the assumption that all input from the teamid parameter will be properly sanitized, creating an exploitable gap in the application's security architecture.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability follows the classic SQL injection pattern where user-controllable data is directly concatenated into SQL query strings without adequate sanitization or parameterization. When an attacker submits a malicious teamid value, the application fails to properly escape or validate the input before incorporating it into database operations. This flaw enables attackers to manipulate the underlying database structure through UNION-based queries, blind SQL injection techniques, or direct command execution within the database layer. The vulnerability is particularly concerning as it affects administrative functions, providing attackers with elevated privileges and access to sensitive information stored within the system's database infrastructure.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data theft to encompass full database compromise capabilities. Attackers can leverage this weakness to extract confidential information including user credentials, system configurations, and fire incident reports that may contain sensitive personal data or operational details. The ability to perform create, update, and delete operations through this vector means that attackers can not only steal data but also modify system records, potentially corrupting operational records or inserting malicious entries. This vulnerability particularly affects the integrity and availability of the fire reporting system, which could have serious implications for emergency response operations and public safety. The attack surface is further expanded by the fact that this vulnerability exists in an administrative endpoint, suggesting that successful exploitation could provide attackers with privileged access to modify system configurations or escalate their privileges within the application.
Mitigation strategies for this vulnerability must address both immediate remediation and long-term security improvements within the application architecture. The primary solution involves implementing proper parameterized queries or prepared statements to ensure that user input cannot influence the structure of SQL commands. Input validation and sanitization should be enforced at multiple layers including application-level filtering and database-level restrictions. The principle of least privilege should be applied to database connections used by the application, ensuring that database accounts have only necessary permissions and cannot execute dangerous operations such as data definition language commands. Additionally, implementing web application firewalls and intrusion detection systems can help identify and block malicious SQL injection attempts. This vulnerability aligns with CWE-89 which specifically addresses SQL injection flaws and demonstrates the importance of following secure coding practices as outlined in the OWASP Top Ten security framework. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this vulnerability under the technique of SQL Injection with potential lateral movement and privilege escalation capabilities, emphasizing the need for comprehensive network segmentation and monitoring controls. Regular security assessments and code reviews should be implemented to prevent similar vulnerabilities from emerging in future versions of the application.