CVE-2025-41365 in IDF
Summary
by MITRE • 06/06/2025
Code injection vulnerability in IDF v0.10.0-0C03-03 and ZLF v0.10.0-0C03-04. This vulnerability allows an attacker to store malicious payload in software that will run in the victim's browser. Exploiting this vulnerability requires authenticating to the device and executing certain commands that can be executed only with permissions higher than the view permission.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/06/2025
This vulnerability represents a critical code injection flaw affecting versions 0.10.0-0C03-03 of IDF and 0.10.0-0C03-04 of ZLF software platforms. The security weakness stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization mechanisms within the software's execution environment, creating opportunities for malicious code insertion. The vulnerability specifically targets the browser execution context where stored payloads can be subsequently executed against unsuspecting users who interact with the compromised system. This type of vulnerability aligns with CWE-94, which catalogs improper execution of dynamic code, and falls under the broader category of code injection attacks that have been extensively documented in cybersecurity frameworks.
The exploitation vector requires legitimate authentication credentials to access the target device, indicating that this vulnerability operates within a privilege escalation or lateral movement attack pattern. The attack necessitates execution of specific commands that are restricted to users with elevated permissions beyond basic view access levels, suggesting that the vulnerability may be accessible through compromised administrative accounts or during legitimate administrative sessions. This access requirement creates a layered attack scenario where initial compromise might occur through credential theft, social engineering, or other initial access methods before the code injection can be executed. The ATT&CK framework categorizes this type of vulnerability under T1059.007 for command and scripting interpreter and T1566 for credential harvesting, as the attack chain typically involves both privilege escalation and legitimate credential usage.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple code execution, as it enables persistent malicious activity within the browser environment where users interact with the system. Once injected, the malicious payload can perform actions such as data exfiltration, session hijacking, or additional malware deployment without user awareness. The browser-based execution context makes this particularly dangerous as it can bypass traditional network security controls and operate within the trusted user environment. This vulnerability type represents a significant risk to enterprise environments where these software versions are deployed, as it can serve as a foothold for broader network compromise and persistent threat activity.
Mitigation strategies should focus on immediate software updates to patched versions that address the input validation weaknesses and implement additional access controls to limit command execution privileges. Organizations should enforce principle of least privilege models where administrative commands are executed through secure channels with additional authentication layers. Network segmentation and monitoring solutions should be deployed to detect anomalous command execution patterns and unauthorized privilege escalation attempts. The implementation of web application firewalls and content security policies can provide additional protection layers against payload execution, while regular security assessments should verify that no unauthorized code injection has occurred. System administrators should also consider implementing privileged access management solutions that require explicit approval and monitoring for high-privilege command execution, reducing the attack surface for this type of vulnerability.