CVE-2025-41364 in IDF
Summary
by MITRE • 06/06/2025
Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in IDF v0.10.0-0C03-03 and ZLF v0.10.0-0C03-04. This vulnerability allows an attacker to store malicious JavaScript payload in software that will run in the victim's browser. Exploiting this vulnerability requires authenticating to the device and executing certain commands that can be executed with view permission.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 06/06/2025
The CVE-2025-41364 vulnerability represents a critical stored cross-site scripting flaw affecting IDF version 0.10.0-0C03-03 and ZLF version 0.10.0-0C03-04 software implementations. This vulnerability resides within the input validation and output encoding mechanisms of these applications, specifically within their user interface components that handle data persistence and rendering. The flaw allows malicious actors to inject persistent JavaScript payloads that execute automatically when other users interact with the affected system, creating a significant risk for unauthorized code execution within victim browsers. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-079 as a failure to sanitize user-provided input before rendering it in web contexts, which directly enables the exploitation of cross-site scripting attack vectors. The security implications extend beyond simple data theft since the stored nature of the vulnerability means that payloads persist even after initial injection, creating a continuous threat vector for all users who access the affected functionality.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability requires an authenticated session with view permissions, indicating that the attack surface is limited to users who possess at least read access to the system's administrative or configuration interfaces. This authentication requirement creates a specific attack scenario where compromised accounts with view permissions or privilege escalation attacks could lead to successful exploitation. The vulnerability manifests when legitimate users submit malicious input through forms or data entry points that are subsequently stored in the application's database or configuration files. When other users view the stored data through the affected web interface, the malicious JavaScript code executes within their browser context, potentially leading to session hijacking, data exfiltration, or further system compromise. This attack pattern aligns with ATT&CK technique T1531 for "Account Access Removal" and T1059.007 for "Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript" within the adversary tactics framework.
The operational impact of CVE-2025-41364 extends beyond immediate code execution capabilities to encompass broader security implications for enterprise environments. Organizations utilizing these specific software versions face potential exposure to persistent threats where attackers can establish backdoors, steal user credentials, or manipulate system data through the stored JavaScript payloads. The vulnerability's persistence characteristic makes it particularly dangerous as it can remain active for extended periods without detection, potentially allowing attackers to establish long-term presence within networks. System administrators must consider the broader implications for user trust, data integrity, and regulatory compliance when addressing this vulnerability. The affected software versions suggest this may be part of a larger ecosystem where multiple components interact, potentially creating cascading effects if the vulnerability exists across interconnected systems. Organizations should implement comprehensive monitoring for suspicious user activities and data modifications that could indicate exploitation attempts, while also considering the need for immediate patching or mitigation strategies.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-41364 should prioritize immediate patch deployment for the affected IDF and ZLF versions, with careful consideration of rollback procedures and testing protocols. Organizations should implement robust input validation and output encoding measures, ensuring that all user-supplied data undergoes strict sanitization before storage or rendering. The principle of least privilege should be enforced to minimize the impact of potential exploitation, particularly by limiting view permissions to only essential personnel and implementing multi-factor authentication for administrative functions. Security teams should establish monitoring protocols to detect anomalous data modifications and user activities that could indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, regular security assessments and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities within the broader software ecosystem. The vulnerability's classification under CWE-079 and its alignment with ATT&CK techniques emphasize the need for comprehensive security awareness training for personnel who interact with these systems, ensuring that users understand the risks associated with viewing potentially malicious content and the importance of maintaining secure authentication practices.