CVE-2025-44844 in CA600-PoE
Summary
by MITRE • 05/01/2025
TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setUpgradeFW function via the FileName parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/25/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-44844 affects the TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 device firmware, representing a critical command injection flaw within the setUpgradeFW function. This vulnerability specifically manifests through improper input validation of the FileName parameter, creating an exploitable path for malicious actors to execute arbitrary code on the affected device. The issue stems from inadequate sanitization of user-supplied data, allowing attackers to inject malicious commands that bypass normal security controls and execute with the privileges of the affected system.
The technical nature of this vulnerability aligns with CWE-77 and CWE-94, which classify it as a command injection vulnerability that can lead to arbitrary code execution. The flaw occurs within the firmware's upgrade functionality where the FileName parameter is directly incorporated into system commands without proper validation or sanitization. This design flaw enables attackers to manipulate the upgrade process by injecting malicious commands through the FileName field, potentially gaining unauthorized access to the device's underlying operating system and executing arbitrary code with elevated privileges.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability poses significant risks to network security infrastructure as it allows remote attackers to compromise the affected router device without requiring authentication. The exploitation of this vulnerability can result in complete system compromise, enabling attackers to gain persistent access, install malware, modify network configurations, or use the device as a pivot point for further attacks within the network. The attack surface extends beyond simple command execution to include potential privilege escalation and lateral movement opportunities, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous in enterprise environments.
The impact of this vulnerability extends to several ATT&CK techniques including T1059.001 (Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell), T1068 (Exploitation for Privilege Escalation), and T1566 (Phishing for Information). Network administrators face the challenge of securing critical infrastructure devices that may be unknowingly compromised, as the vulnerability affects the core functionality of the device's firmware upgrade process. Organizations utilizing TOTOLINK CA600-PoE devices must consider immediate remediation measures, as the vulnerability can be exploited remotely and may remain undetected for extended periods. The affected firmware version represents a specific build that requires targeted patching or firmware updates to address the command injection flaw and restore proper input validation mechanisms.
Mitigation strategies should include immediate firmware updates from the vendor, network segmentation to limit access to affected devices, and implementation of network monitoring to detect suspicious command execution patterns. Additionally, organizations should conduct comprehensive vulnerability assessments of their network infrastructure to identify other potentially affected devices running similar firmware versions, as this vulnerability may represent a broader class of issues within the TOTOLINK product line. The remediation process must also include verification of patch effectiveness and monitoring for potential exploitation attempts that may occur during the remediation period.