CVE-2025-44846 in CA600-PoE
Summary
by MITRE • 05/01/2025
TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the recvUpgradeNewFw function via the fwUrl parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/25/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-44846 affects the TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 firmware version and represents a critical command injection flaw within the device's upgrade functionality. This vulnerability resides in the recvUpgradeNewFw function which processes firmware update requests through the fwUrl parameter, creating an exploitable entry point for malicious actors to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device. The flaw demonstrates a classic lack of proper input validation and sanitization, allowing attackers to inject malicious commands that bypass normal security controls and execute with the privileges of the affected system.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from insufficient parameter validation within the recvUpgradeNewFw function, which directly incorporates user-supplied input from the fwUrl parameter into system command execution contexts without adequate sanitization or escaping mechanisms. This design flaw aligns with CWE-77 and CWE-94, representing command injection and code injection vulnerabilities respectively, where attacker-controlled data flows directly into executable code paths. The vulnerability exists at the intersection of input handling and system command execution, creating a pathway for remote code execution that can be exploited without requiring authentication or specialized privileges.
Operationally, this vulnerability presents significant risks to network infrastructure security as it allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device, potentially enabling full system compromise. The impact extends beyond simple command execution to include potential privilege escalation, data exfiltration, and the ability to establish persistent access points within the network. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability to install backdoors, modify network configurations, or use the device as a pivot point for attacking other systems within the same network segment. The vulnerability's remote exploitability means that attackers can target the device from outside the network perimeter, making it particularly dangerous for devices exposed to public internet access.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-44846 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK to address the underlying command injection vulnerability. Network administrators should implement strict network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of affected devices to untrusted networks. The use of network monitoring tools and intrusion detection systems can help detect anomalous command execution patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, implementing proper input validation and output encoding mechanisms in the affected code paths would prevent similar vulnerabilities from occurring in the future. Organizations should also consider deploying web application firewalls and implementing principle of least privilege access controls to minimize potential impact from any successful exploitation attempts. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of secure coding practices and proper input validation as outlined in the OWASP Top Ten and MITRE ATT&CK framework, particularly in the context of network device security and firmware integrity protection.