CVE-2025-44847 in CA600-PoE
Summary
by MITRE • 05/01/2025
TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setWebWlanIdx function via the webWlanIdx parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/25/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-44847 affects the TOTOLINK CA600-PoE router model running firmware version V5.3c.6665_B20180820. This device represents a network infrastructure component that manages wireless local area network functionality through its web interface. The affected device operates within enterprise and small office environments where wireless connectivity is essential for network operations. The vulnerability resides within the setWebWlanIdx function which handles wireless network index configuration through the webWlanIdx parameter. This function processes user input without proper sanitization or validation, creating a critical security flaw that can be exploited by remote attackers. The affected firmware version indicates this is a legacy product that may not receive regular security updates, increasing the risk exposure for organizations using outdated networking equipment.
The technical flaw manifests as a command injection vulnerability that occurs when the webWlanIdx parameter is processed within the setWebWlanIdx function. This vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and improper handling of user-supplied data within the web application layer. When an attacker crafts a malicious request containing specially formatted input in the webWlanIdx parameter, the system fails to properly sanitize this input before using it in system commands. This allows arbitrary command execution with the privileges of the web application process, typically running with elevated system permissions. The vulnerability is classified as a command injection flaw under CWE-77 and aligns with ATT&CK technique T1059.001 for command and script injection. The absence of proper input filtering mechanisms means that attackers can append operating system commands to the legitimate parameter value, potentially executing unauthorized operations on the underlying system.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe and multifaceted across multiple security domains. An attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can gain full control over the affected router, enabling them to modify network configurations, redirect traffic, or establish persistent backdoors for future access. The compromised device becomes a potential entry point for lateral movement within the network, allowing attackers to pivot to other connected systems. This vulnerability also enables denial of service attacks by allowing attackers to crash the router or disrupt wireless connectivity for all connected devices. Additionally, the compromised device can be used to launch attacks against other network resources, making it a valuable asset for attackers seeking to expand their network footprint. The attack surface extends beyond immediate device compromise to include potential data exfiltration, man-in-the-middle attacks, and disruption of business continuity operations. Organizations relying on this equipment may experience unauthorized access to their wireless networks, leading to privacy violations and regulatory compliance issues.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2025-44847 should prioritize immediate firmware updates from TOTOLINK if available, though given the age of the affected firmware version, vendor support may be limited. Network segmentation and access control measures can help limit the impact if exploitation occurs, while implementing network monitoring solutions can detect suspicious command execution patterns. Organizations should consider disabling unnecessary web management interfaces and restricting access to the affected device to trusted IP addresses only. Regular vulnerability scanning and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar issues in other network equipment. Security teams should implement network traffic analysis to detect anomalous command execution patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. The vulnerability highlights the importance of maintaining up-to-date network infrastructure and following secure coding practices in embedded systems. Organizations should also consider replacing legacy equipment with modern devices that receive regular security updates and have better security features. Incident response procedures should include specific protocols for handling router compromises, including network isolation, forensic analysis, and potential full device reinstallation to ensure complete remediation of the vulnerability.