CVE-2025-7783 in form-data
Summary
by MITRE • 07/18/2025
Use of Insufficiently Random Values vulnerability in form-data allows HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP). This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/form_data.Js.
This issue affects form-data: < 2.5.4, 3.0.0 - 3.0.3, 4.0.0 - 4.0.3.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/18/2025
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-7783 represents a critical weakness in the form-data library that enables HTTP Parameter Pollution attacks through the use of insufficiently random values. This flaw exists within the lib/form_data.js program file and demonstrates a fundamental failure in cryptographic randomness implementation that directly impacts web application security. The vulnerability stems from the library's inability to generate properly randomized boundary strings for multipart form data encoding, creating predictable patterns that attackers can exploit to manipulate HTTP request parameters.
The technical root cause of this vulnerability lies in the insufficient entropy provided during the generation of random values used for form data boundary identification. According to CWE-330, this represents a weakness where insufficient randomness is used in security-critical contexts, making the system susceptible to predictable outcomes. The form-data library's boundary string generation mechanism fails to utilize cryptographically secure random number generation, allowing attackers to potentially predict or manipulate the multipart boundary values used in HTTP requests. This weakness directly enables HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) attacks as described in the ATT&CK framework under technique T1070.004 for "Indicator Removal on Host" and T1566 for "Phishing with Social Engineering", where attackers can manipulate form data parameters to inject malicious values.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple parameter manipulation, as it creates opportunities for attackers to perform session hijacking, bypass authentication mechanisms, and inject malicious data into web applications. When applications rely on form-data libraries for handling multipart form submissions, the predictable boundary values can be exploited to inject additional parameters or overwrite existing ones, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data manipulation. This vulnerability affects multiple versions of the form-data library including versions prior to 2.5.4 and specific ranges in versions 3.0.0 through 3.0.3 and 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, indicating a widespread issue that impacts numerous applications and services.
Organizations should immediately update their form-data library dependencies to versions 2.5.4 or later, or to the latest stable releases in the 3.x and 4.x series to mitigate this vulnerability. The recommended mitigation strategy involves comprehensive dependency auditing to identify all applications using affected versions and implementing proper randomization mechanisms for boundary string generation. Security teams should also monitor for potential exploitation attempts through log analysis and implement network-based intrusion detection systems to identify suspicious parameter manipulation patterns. Additionally, application developers should review their form handling implementations to ensure proper validation and sanitization of form data inputs, particularly when dealing with multipart requests that utilize the vulnerable library functionality.