CVE-2026-109648 in ERPNext
Summary
by MITRE • 10/13/2026
Frappe ERPNext before 15.106.0 and 16.x before 16.16.0 contains an SQL injection vulnerability in some endpoints due to missing input validation. Authenticated attackers can send specially crafted requests to inject SQL into database queries and extract sensitive information from the underlying database.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/13/2026
The identified security flaw resides within Frappe ERPNext, a widely adopted open-source enterprise resource planning system used by organizations for managing business processes such as accounting, inventory, sales, and human resources. The vulnerability affects versions prior to 15.106.0 in the v15 branch and versions prior to 16.16.0 in the v16 branch. This issue is classified under Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) ID CWE-89 as Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command, commonly known as SQL Injection. The root cause lies in insufficient input validation and sanitization mechanisms within specific API endpoints exposed by the application framework. When user-supplied data is processed without adequate checks against malicious syntax, it allows attackers to manipulate backend database queries dynamically.
From a technical perspective, the vulnerability enables authenticated users to inject arbitrary Structured Query Language statements into the application's database interactions. Because authentication is required to exploit this flaw, the attack surface is limited to individuals who have valid credentials within the ERPNext environment. However, in many organizational settings, internal user accounts may possess varying levels of access privileges, and even standard user roles can often query significant portions of the business data stored in the backend database. The attacker crafts specially formatted HTTP requests containing malicious SQL payloads that bypass intended logic, causing the database to execute unintended commands rather than returning expected results. This capability allows for the extraction of sensitive information including customer records, financial transactions, employee personal identifiable information, and potentially administrative credentials if they are stored within accessible tables.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe due to the nature of ERP systems which serve as central repositories for critical business data. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized disclosure of confidential corporate intelligence, leading to competitive disadvantage or regulatory non-compliance with standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI-DSS depending on the industry sector. Furthermore, if the underlying database configuration permits it, advanced SQL injection techniques could potentially be leveraged to execute operating system commands via built-in functions like xp_cmdshell in Microsoft SQL Server or LOAD_FILE in MySQL, thereby escalating from data theft to full server compromise. This aligns with MITRE ATT&CK technique T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter for executing injected code and T1213 Data from Information Repositories for exfiltrating stored data.
Mitigation strategies must prioritize immediate patching of the affected ERPNext instances to versions 15.106.0 or later, or 16.16.0 and above, where these input validation flaws have been addressed by the development team. In environments where immediate patching is not feasible due to operational constraints, network-level controls should be implemented to restrict access to ERPNext endpoints strictly to authorized IP ranges using firewalls or reverse proxies with Web Application Firewall rules configured to detect and block SQL injection patterns. Additionally, enforcing strict principle of least privilege for database accounts used by the application can limit the damage if an injection occurs, ensuring that the web service account does not have administrative rights on the database server. Regular security audits and penetration testing should be conducted to verify that input validation is robust across all exposed endpoints.