CVE-2026-118755 in Personal Management System
Summary
by MITRE • 10/28/2026
Volmarg Personal Management System through 2.1.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users to execute shell commands via unescaped folder paths in the storage module's tree command. Attackers can create a directory under upload/files containing shell metacharacters such as $(...) and then move or copy it, running commands as the web server user.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/28/2026
The Volmarg Personal Management System version 2.1.0 suffers from an operating system command injection vulnerability within its storage module's tree functionality. This flaw stems from a failure to properly sanitize input data before passing it to underlying system utilities, specifically when handling folder paths during file operations such as moving or copying directories. The root cause is identified as CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command, where the application constructs shell commands using unsanitized user-supplied directory names without escaping special characters that hold significance to the operating system's command interpreter.
The vulnerability allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary shell commands with the privileges of the web server process. An attacker can exploit this by creating a new directory under the upload/files path and naming it with shell metacharacters, such as $(...) or backticks containing malicious payloads. When the application subsequently performs file management operations like moving or copying this specially named folder, it passes the unescaped name directly into an OS command execution function. This results in the unintended interpretation of the directory name as executable code rather than a literal string identifier for the filesystem path.
From an operational impact perspective, this vulnerability poses severe risks to system integrity and confidentiality. Since the commands are executed with the permissions of the web server user, successful exploitation can lead to complete compromise of the hosting environment. Attackers may use this access to read sensitive configuration files, exfiltrate database credentials stored on disk, install backdoors for persistent access, or pivot further into internal network segments depending on the isolation level of the web service account. The requirement for authentication limits the attack surface compared to unauthenticated exploits but still represents a critical threat vector against any system where user accounts can be obtained through credential stuffing, phishing, or other means.
This vulnerability aligns with MITRE ATT&CK technique T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter, specifically sub-techniques involving shell commands like sh or bash. The exploitation path demonstrates how improper input validation in file handling modules serves as a direct conduit for remote code execution when combined with insufficient privilege separation between the web application process and critical system resources.
Mitigation strategies should focus on both immediate remediation and long-term architectural improvements. Developers must implement strict allow-listing of characters permitted in directory names, rejecting any input containing shell metacharacters such as parentheses, backticks, semicolons, or ampersands. Alternatively, all user-supplied path components should be passed to system commands using argument arrays rather than string concatenation, ensuring the operating system treats them strictly as data arguments and not part of the command syntax itself. Additionally, applying principle of least privilege by running the web server under a restricted account with minimal filesystem permissions can limit the blast radius if exploitation occurs. Regular security code reviews focusing on OS interaction points and automated static analysis testing for CWE-78 patterns are recommended to prevent similar defects in future releases.