CVE-2026-121556 in FastBee
Summary
by MITRE • 11/03/2026
FastBee through 2.1.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability in ProductController that allows authenticated tenant users to access other tenants' products by supplying their product IDs. Attackers can enumerate sequential product IDs to read MQTT account, password, and secret values, overwrite product configuration including tenant_id, or delete products with cascading rows.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/03/2026
The FastBee platform version 2.1.0 suffers from a critical insecure direct object reference vulnerability within its ProductController component. This flaw stems from a failure to implement proper authorization checks when handling requests related to product management operations. Specifically, the application relies on client-supplied identifiers, such as sequential numeric IDs, to locate and manipulate resource records without verifying that the requesting authenticated tenant user has legitimate ownership or administrative rights over those specific resources. In a properly secured multi-tenant architecture, every request involving shared data structures must be validated against an access control list or database constraints ensuring that the current session's context matches the target entity's associated tenant identifier. The absence of this validation allows any authenticated user to bypass isolation boundaries and interact with objects belonging to other tenants in the system.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe due to the sensitive nature of the data accessible through these endpoints. By exploiting the predictable sequential nature of product IDs, an attacker can perform enumeration attacks to iterate through valid identifiers until they discover resources associated with different organizations. Once a target product ID from another tenant is identified, the attacker gains unauthorized access to critical configuration details including MQTT account credentials, passwords, and secret keys used for device communication protocols. This exposure compromises not only the confidentiality of sensitive authentication material but also enables further lateral movement within the IoT infrastructure managed by FastBee. The ability to read these secrets facilitates potential interception or spoofing of messages between devices and servers, undermining the integrity and security of connected systems.
Beyond data exfiltration, the vulnerability permits destructive actions including the modification and deletion of product configurations belonging to other tenants. An attacker can overwrite configuration parameters such as the tenant_id field, effectively hijacking control over products that should remain under another organization's management. This capability allows for complete takeover of device fleets or misconfiguration leading to service disruption. Furthermore, the ability to delete products triggers cascading deletions within related database tables, resulting in permanent data loss and operational downtime for affected tenants. These actions demonstrate a profound failure in enforcing multi-tenant isolation principles, allowing cross-tenant interference that violates fundamental security requirements for SaaS platforms handling sensitive IoT telemetry and control commands.
To mitigate this vulnerability, immediate remediation efforts must focus on implementing robust access control mechanisms within the ProductController logic. Developers should enforce strict ownership verification by ensuring that every database query or update operation explicitly checks whether the authenticated user's tenant ID matches the target product's associated tenant identifier before proceeding with any read, write, or delete operations. Utilizing framework-level security features such as role-based access control combined with object-level authorization policies will prevent unauthorized cross-tenant interactions. Additionally, replacing sequential numeric identifiers with non-guessable unique identifiers like UUIDs can reduce the effectiveness of enumeration attacks, although this alone does not substitute for proper authorization checks. Input validation should also be strengthened to ensure that only expected data types and formats are processed, reducing the attack surface associated with malformed requests.
This vulnerability aligns closely with CWE-639, which describes issues related to authorization bypass via direct object reference, highlighting the necessity of verifying user permissions against resource ownership rather than relying solely on authentication status. From a tactical perspective, this flaw facilitates actions categorized under MITRE ATT&CK techniques such as T1078 Valid Accounts for initial access and T1530 Data from Cloud Storage or Object Storage if sensitive credentials are exfiltrated to external locations. It also relates to T1496 Resource Hijacking when attackers modify configurations to gain control over devices, and T1485 Data Destruction in cases where cascading deletions occur. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive review of the application's security architecture to ensure that all API endpoints enforce strict multi-tenant isolation policies consistent with industry best practices for secure software development lifecycle management.