CVE-2026-30951 in Sequelize
Summary
by MITRE • 03/10/2026
Sequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into CAST(... AS <type>) SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.37.8.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 05/20/2026
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2026-30951 affects Sequelize, a popular Node.js Object-Relational Mapping tool that facilitates database interactions through JavaScript objects. This security flaw exists in versions prior to 6.37.8 and represents a critical SQL injection vulnerability that specifically targets the handling of JSON/JSONB data types within WHERE clause processing. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and improper SQL query construction when processing JSON path keys that contain cast type specifications.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability occurs within the _traverseJSON() function which processes JSON path expressions by splitting on the double colon (::) delimiter to extract cast type information. This extraction mechanism fails to properly escape or sanitize the extracted cast type values before incorporating them into the SQL CAST() function. When an attacker can control JSON object keys in query parameters, they can inject malicious SQL fragments through the cast type specification, effectively bypassing normal SQL injection protections. The raw interpolation of these cast types into SQL queries creates an environment where arbitrary SQL commands can be executed, potentially leading to complete database compromise.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data theft, as it allows attackers to perform extensive database operations including data exfiltration, schema enumeration, and potentially privilege escalation. Since the vulnerability affects JSON/JSONB WHERE clause processing, it can be exploited in various application contexts where JSON data structures are used for filtering or querying database records. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to access any table within the database, making it particularly dangerous for applications that handle sensitive user data, financial records, or confidential business information. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it requires minimal privileges to exploit and can be triggered through normal application usage patterns.
Security mitigations for CVE-2026-30951 involve immediate upgrade to Sequelize version 6.37.8 or later, which implements proper input sanitization and parameterization of cast type values. Organizations should also implement comprehensive monitoring of database queries for suspicious patterns and consider implementing Web Application Firewall rules to detect and block potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-89 SQL Injection and maps to ATT&CK technique T1071.004 Application Layer Protocol: DNS, though the primary threat vector is the direct SQL injection rather than DNS-based attacks. Additional defensive measures include input validation at application boundaries, regular security code reviews focusing on SQL query construction, and implementing least privilege database access controls to limit potential damage from successful exploitation attempts.