CVE-2026-78212 in Management Center
Summary
by MITRE • 08/24/2026
4MOSAn developed by 4MOSAn Security Technology Co., Ltd. has an Arbitrary File Read vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit a Relative Path Traversal flaw to download arbitrary system files.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 08/24/2026
The software product known as 4MOSAn, developed by 4MOSAn Security Technology Co., Ltd., contains a critical security weakness classified under the Common Weakness Enumeration identifier CWE-22 for Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory. This vulnerability manifests as an arbitrary file read condition resulting from insufficient validation and sanitization of user-supplied input within the application's request handling mechanisms. Specifically, the flaw is rooted in a relative path traversal error where the system fails to adequately restrict or normalize directory paths before processing them for file access operations.
Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability by crafting malicious HTTP requests that include carefully constructed URL parameters containing sequence characters such as dot-dot-slash sequences. By injecting these sequences into input fields, an attacker can manipulate the underlying file path resolution logic of the application. This manipulation allows the traversal out of the intended web root or restricted directory structure and into sensitive areas of the operating system's filesystem. The lack of proper authentication requirements means that any external actor with network connectivity to the service can initiate this attack without needing valid credentials, significantly lowering the barrier for exploitation.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is severe as it enables the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information stored on the server hosting 4MOSAn. Attackers can download arbitrary system files which may include configuration files containing database connection strings and plaintext passwords, private cryptographic keys used for securing communications, source code repositories that might reveal further logic flaws or hardcoded secrets, and other sensitive operational data. The exposure of such artifacts can lead to a complete compromise of the affected environment, facilitating subsequent attacks such as privilege escalation, lateral movement within the network, or the deployment of additional malware payloads based on insights gained from the stolen files.
From an offensive security perspective, this vulnerability aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK technique T1083 which covers File and Directory Discovery, specifically through mechanisms that allow for unauthorized access to local system resources. The exploitation path relies heavily on CWE-20 Improper Input Validation where the application does not sufficiently verify or sanitize user input before using it in file operations. This represents a fundamental failure in implementing secure coding practices regarding resource management and access control boundaries.
To mitigate this vulnerability, immediate remediation efforts should focus on hardening the input validation logic within 4MOSAn to strictly enforce allow-listing of permitted characters for filename parameters and rejecting any input containing path traversal sequences such as dot-dot-slash or their encoded variants. Developers must implement canonicalization checks that resolve all relative paths before accessing files, ensuring they remain within a designated safe directory boundary regardless of the input provided. Additionally, applying principle of least privilege to the application process account can limit the damage if an exploit occurs by restricting file system permissions so that even successful traversal cannot access critical system-level directories. Regular security audits and static code analysis tools configured to detect path traversal weaknesses are recommended to prevent similar issues in future updates or related modules within the product suite.