CVE-2026-79377 in BES2300 Bluetooth Audio SoC Firmware
Summary
by MITRE • 09/08/2026
A heap overflow in the a2dp_decoder_sbc.cpp component of Bestechnic Co., Ltd BES2300 Bluetooth Audio SoC firmware v3.x and earlier allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via sending a crafted L2CAP packet.
If you want to get best quality of vulnerability data, you may have to visit VulDB.
Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/08/2026
The vulnerability identified in the Bestechnic Co., Ltd BES2300 Bluetooth Audio System on Chip firmware versions 3.x and prior represents a critical security flaw within the SBC audio decoder component, specifically located in the file named a2dp_decoder_sbc.cpp. This hardware-software integrated platform is widely deployed in consumer electronics such as wireless headphones, speakers, and automotive infotainment systems to process high-quality stereo audio over Bluetooth connections using the Advanced Audio Distribution Profile. The core of this vulnerability lies in improper memory management practices during the parsing and decoding of incoming L2CAP packets that carry SBC encoded audio data. When a remote attacker sends a specially crafted packet with malformed length fields or excessive payload sizes, the decoder fails to perform adequate bounds checking before writing data into heap-allocated buffers. This lack of validation allows an overflow condition where more data is written than the allocated buffer can hold, corrupting adjacent memory structures on the heap.
From a technical perspective, this flaw aligns with CWE-122, which describes a heap-based buffer overflow. In modern operating environments and embedded systems utilizing dynamic memory allocation, such overwrites are particularly dangerous because they do not merely crash the application but allow for arbitrary code execution or precise control of program flow by overwriting function pointers, object vtables, or other critical metadata stored in adjacent heap chunks. Although the immediate reported impact is a Denial of Service, where the device may freeze, reboot, or become unresponsive due to memory corruption triggering segmentation faults or watchdog resets, this class of vulnerability inherently poses a severe risk for remote code execution if exploited with advanced techniques like heap spraying or specific allocation grooming strategies tailored to the embedded environment. The attack vector is classified as network-based via Bluetooth Low Energy or Classic Bluetooth interfaces, allowing an attacker within radio range to trigger the flaw without any user interaction or authentication.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple service disruption. For devices used in critical infrastructure or personal privacy-sensitive contexts like smart home hubs or wearable health monitors, a successful exploitation could lead to complete system compromise. An adversary leveraging this heap overflow could potentially inject malicious firmware updates, exfiltrate sensitive audio data being processed by the chip, or pivot into other network segments if the device acts as a gateway. The persistence of such vulnerabilities in Bluetooth stacks is concerning given the ubiquitous nature of these devices and their constant exposure to wireless signals from unknown sources. Industry standards such as MITRE ATT&CK map this behavior to techniques involving initial access through peripheral interfaces and execution via memory corruption, highlighting the need for rigorous input validation at all layers of the protocol stack.
Mitigation strategies must address both immediate remediation and long-term architectural improvements. The primary solution is for Bestechnic Co., Ltd to release a firmware update that patches the a2dp_decoder_sbc.cpp module by implementing strict length checks before any memory allocation or copy operations occur. Developers should utilize safe string handling functions and enforce maximum packet size limits consistent with the SBC specification standards defined by the Bluetooth SIG. Additionally, enabling compiler-based security features such as stack canaries, heap metadata protection, and address space layout randomization where supported by the SoC architecture can mitigate exploitation attempts even if a buffer overflow occurs. Users should ensure their devices are updated to the latest firmware versions provided by manufacturers and consider disabling automatic pairing or connection acceptance from unknown sources in device settings to reduce the attack surface exposed to potential remote attackers operating within Bluetooth range.