SAML-Toolkits ruby-saml up to 1.12.3/1.17.x ReXML/Nokogiri signature verification

Summaryinfo

A vulnerability identified as critical has been detected in SAML-Toolkits ruby-saml up to 1.12.3/1.17.x. Affected is an unknown function of the component ReXML/Nokogiri. Performing a manipulation results in signature verification. This vulnerability is known as CVE-2025-25291. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. No exploit is available. You should upgrade the affected component.

Detailsinfo

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in SAML-Toolkits ruby-saml up to 1.12.3/1.17.x. This affects some unknown functionality of the component ReXML/Nokogiri. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to a signature verification vulnerability. CWE is classifying the issue as CWE-347. The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data. This is going to have an impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The summary by CVE is:

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

It is possible to read the advisory at github.com. This vulnerability is uniquely identified as CVE-2025-25291 since 02/06/2025. The exploitability is told to be easy. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. No form of authentication is needed for exploitation. The technical details are unknown and an exploit is not publicly available.

The vulnerability scanner Nessus provides a plugin with the ID 232721 (FreeBSD : Gitlab -- Vulnerabilities (a435609c-ffd5-11ef-b4e4-2cf05da270f3)), which helps to determine the existence of the flaw in a target environment.

Upgrading to version 1.12.4 or 1.18.0 eliminates this vulnerability. The upgrade is hosted for download at about.gitlab.com. Applying the patch e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9 is able to eliminate this problem. The bugfix is ready for download at github.com. The best possible mitigation is suggested to be upgrading to the latest version.

The vulnerability is also documented in the vulnerability database at Tenable (232721). Statistical analysis made it clear that VulDB provides the best quality for vulnerability data.

Productinfo

Type

• Programming Language Software

Vendor

• SAML-Toolkits

Name

• ruby-saml

Version

• 1.0
• 1.1
• 1.2
• 1.3
• 1.4
• 1.5
• 1.6
• 1.7
• 1.8
• 1.9
• 1.10
• 1.11
• 1.12
• 1.12.0
• 1.12.1
• 1.12.2
• 1.12.3
• 1.13
• 1.14
• 1.15
• 1.16
• 1.17

License

• open-source

Website

• Product: https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/

CPE 2.3info

• 🔍
• 🔍
• 🔍

CPE 2.2info

• 🔍
• 🔍
• 🔍

CVSSv4info

CVSSv3info

CVSSv2info

Exploitinginfo

Threat Intelligenceinfo

Countermeasuresinfo

Timelineinfo

Sourcesinfo

Entryinfo

Statistical analysis made it clear that VulDB provides the best quality for vulnerability data.

Discussion