CVE-2025-41033 in CMF
Summary
by MITRE • 09/04/2025
An SQL injection vulnerability has been found in appRain CMF 4.0.5. This vulnerability allows an attacker to retrieve, create, update, and delete the database, through the 'data%5BPage%5D%5Bname%5D' parameter in /apprain/page/manage-dynamic-pages/create.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 09/05/2025
The SQL injection vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-41033 affects appRain CMF version 4.0.5 and represents a critical security flaw that enables remote attackers to execute arbitrary database operations. This vulnerability exists within the dynamic page management functionality of the content management framework, specifically in the parameter handling mechanism. The affected parameter 'data%5BPage%5D%5Bname%5D' located in the URL path /apprain/page/manage-dynamic-pages/create demonstrates a classic lack of proper input validation and sanitization, allowing malicious actors to inject SQL commands directly into the application's database layer. The vulnerability stems from the application's failure to properly escape or parameterize user-supplied input before incorporating it into database queries, creating a direct pathway for unauthorized database manipulation.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability permits attackers to perform full database operations including data retrieval, insertion, modification, and deletion through a single parameter injection point. This type of flaw falls under CWE-89 which specifically addresses SQL injection vulnerabilities, and represents a fundamental breakdown in the application's input handling mechanisms. The attack vector is particularly concerning as it targets the administrative functionality of the CMS, potentially allowing threat actors to escalate privileges, exfiltrate sensitive data, or completely compromise the underlying database infrastructure. The vulnerability's impact is amplified by the fact that it occurs in a core content management function, meaning successful exploitation could lead to complete system compromise and unauthorized access to all managed content.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability presents a severe risk to organizations utilizing appRain CMF 4.0.5 as it allows for persistent unauthorized access to database resources without requiring authentication. The attack surface is relatively narrow since it requires access to the specific URL endpoint, but the potential damage is extensive. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability to steal sensitive information, modify content, create backdoor accounts, or establish persistent access points within the system. This vulnerability aligns with ATT&CK technique T1190 which covers exploits for execution through SQL injection attacks, and T1071.004 which covers application layer protocols including web services. The exploitation process typically involves crafting malicious payloads that bypass input filters and directly manipulate the database query structure to achieve desired outcomes.
Organizations should immediately implement mitigations including input validation, parameterized queries, and proper escaping mechanisms to address this vulnerability. The most effective immediate solution involves implementing proper input sanitization and parameterized database queries for all user-supplied parameters. Application-level protections such as web application firewalls should be deployed to monitor and block suspicious SQL injection patterns. Regular security audits and penetration testing should be conducted to identify similar vulnerabilities throughout the application codebase. Additionally, organizations should implement principle of least privilege access controls, regularly update and patch systems, and establish comprehensive monitoring procedures to detect potential exploitation attempts. The vulnerability also highlights the importance of following secure coding practices and conducting thorough code reviews to prevent similar injection vulnerabilities from occurring in future development cycles.