CVE-2026-114058 in ArcadeDB
Summary
by MITRE • 10/21/2026
ArcadeDB from 26.2.1 before 26.10.1 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the Bolt protocol handler that lets authenticated users read other databases' schema metadata. Attackers with credentials for one database can set the db field in RUN or BEGIN messages and call db.labels() or SHOW INDEXES to enumerate unauthorized schemas.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/21/2026
The identified security flaw resides within ArcadeDB versions prior to 26.10.1, specifically affecting the Bolt protocol handler which serves as a primary interface for client-server communication. This vulnerability is classified under CWE-862, representing a Missing Authorization issue, where the application fails to enforce proper access controls on critical resources. The core technical deficiency lies in how the database server processes incoming requests that specify target databases via the db field within RUN or BEGIN messages. While authentication mechanisms successfully verify user credentials for an initial connection, the subsequent authorization logic does not adequately validate whether the authenticated user possesses explicit permissions to interact with the specific database referenced in these protocol-level commands. This architectural oversight allows a session established against one database context to be repurposed to query metadata from entirely separate databases within the same instance.
From an operational perspective, this vulnerability enables unauthorized enumeration of schema metadata across multiple isolated data stores hosted on the same server infrastructure. An attacker who has obtained valid credentials for any single database can exploit this flaw by manipulating request parameters to target other databases. By invoking methods such as db.labels() or executing SHOW INDEXES commands against a different database identifier in the protocol message, the attacker can retrieve detailed structural information including table names, column definitions, index configurations, and potentially sensitive schema relationships. This capability effectively bypasses logical access controls designed to maintain data isolation between tenants or distinct application domains sharing the same ArcadeDB instance. The exposure of this metadata does not directly result in immediate data exfiltration but serves as a critical reconnaissance phase that significantly lowers the barrier for subsequent attacks such as SQL injection, privilege escalation, or targeted exploitation of known schema-specific weaknesses.
In terms of threat modeling and industry standards, this vulnerability aligns with MITRE ATT&CK technique T1087, specifically Endpoint Discovery via Local Account Enumeration when applied to database environments, although it more accurately reflects lateral movement within a multi-tenant architecture by accessing remote resources without proper authorization checks akin to T1530 Data from Cloud Storage Object. The ability to enumerate schemas across boundaries violates the principle of least privilege and undermines data segregation strategies essential for secure multi-tenancy. Such metadata leakage can facilitate further exploitation by revealing internal system structures, version-specific features that may have known vulnerabilities, or sensitive business logic embedded in schema designs.
To mitigate this risk, immediate action is required to upgrade ArcadeDB to version 26.10.1 or later where the authorization checks for database-level operations have been corrected to enforce strict boundary validation against user permissions. In environments where upgrading is not immediately feasible, administrators should implement network-level segmentation to restrict access to the Bolt protocol port from untrusted networks and ensure that only authorized application servers can connect directly to the database instance. Additionally, deploying a Web Application Firewall or API gateway with deep packet inspection capabilities may help detect anomalous patterns in request parameters attempting to switch target databases unexpectedly. Regular auditing of user permissions should also be conducted to ensure that access rights are strictly scoped to required operational needs, minimizing the blast radius if credentials for one service are compromised.