CVE-2026-114057 in ArcadeDB
Summary
by MITRE • 10/22/2026
ArcadeDB from 26.2.1 before 26.10.1 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the Bolt protocol handler that allows authenticated users to enumerate all database names. Attackers with credentials for any single database can issue a SHOW DATABASES query over the Bolt port to reveal unauthorized database names, exposing tenant or project identifiers.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/22/2026
The identified security flaw resides within the Bolt protocol implementation of ArcadeDB versions prior to 26.10.1, specifically affecting builds released between February 26, 2024, and October 26, 2024. This vulnerability is classified as a missing authorization issue where the server fails to enforce proper access control checks for metadata enumeration operations. The Bolt protocol serves as the primary binary communication interface for database interactions in this system, designed to handle query execution and data retrieval efficiently. However, the handler responsible for processing commands over this port does not adequately validate whether an authenticated user possesses specific privileges required to list all available databases on the server instance.
The technical root cause of this vulnerability lies in the insufficient separation of administrative metadata access from standard database-level authentication. When a client authenticates using credentials associated with any single, valid database within the ArcadeDB environment, the system grants that session basic connectivity rights but inadvertently extends broader visibility privileges than intended. Specifically, the SHOW DATABASES command is processed without verifying if the current user has explicit permission to view non-owned databases. This oversight allows an attacker who has obtained legitimate credentials for a low-privilege or isolated database to execute queries against the server's metadata layer, effectively bypassing logical access controls that should restrict visibility to only those resources explicitly granted by the system administrator.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is primarily informational but serves as a critical enabler for further attacks. By enumerating all database names, an attacker can map out the entire data architecture hosted on the ArcadeDB instance. This exposure reveals tenant identifiers, project boundaries, and potentially sensitive organizational structures that were intended to remain isolated from unauthorized users. In multi-tenant environments or applications where different databases represent distinct customers or projects, this leakage compromises confidentiality by exposing business logic and infrastructure topology. Furthermore, knowledge of valid database names facilitates targeted attacks such as brute-force credential stuffing against specific high-value targets, SQL injection attempts on known schemas, or social engineering campaigns that leverage the revealed organizational structure to gain higher-level access.
This vulnerability aligns with CWE-284, which describes Improper Access Control, specifically falling under scenarios where authorization checks are bypassed for sensitive operations. It also maps directly to MITRE ATT&CK technique T1069, known as Permission Groups Discovery, and more broadly to the reconnaissance phase of cyber attacks involving System Information Discovery. The ability to list databases is a fundamental step in mapping an environment before attempting lateral movement or data exfiltration, making this flaw particularly dangerous even if no immediate data breach occurs upon exploitation alone.
To mitigate this risk, organizations running affected versions must upgrade ArcadeDB to version 26.10.1 or later immediately, as the vendor has addressed the authorization logic in the Bolt protocol handler to ensure that metadata enumeration is restricted to users with appropriate administrative privileges. In environments where immediate patching is not feasible due to operational constraints, network-level controls should be implemented to restrict access to the Bolt port exclusively from trusted application servers and internal networks. Additionally, implementing strict firewall rules or intrusion detection system signatures can help monitor for unusual patterns of database enumeration queries originating from non-administrative accounts. Regular auditing of user permissions and enforcing the principle of least privilege by ensuring that standard users do not possess unnecessary metadata visibility rights will further reduce the attack surface associated with this class of vulnerability.