CVE-2026-58549 in HarmonyOS
Summary
by MITRE • 07/15/2026
Out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the image codec module. Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/15/2026
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability within an image codec module represents a critical security flaw that can potentially compromise system confidentiality and integrity. This type of vulnerability typically occurs when an application processes image files without proper bounds checking on array or buffer accesses, allowing maliciously crafted input to read memory locations beyond the intended boundaries. The vulnerability manifests when the codec fails to validate the size or structure of image data before processing, creating opportunities for attackers to manipulate memory access patterns.
The technical implementation of this flaw involves the image processing code executing reads from memory addresses that fall outside the allocated buffer regions. When an attacker submits a specially crafted image file with malformed headers or corrupted pixel data, the codec module may interpret these values as valid array indices, resulting in unintended memory access. This can lead to information disclosure through the exposure of sensitive data located in adjacent memory segments, including authentication tokens, cryptographic keys, or system credentials that may be stored in nearby memory locations.
From an operational impact perspective, successful exploitation of this vulnerability can result in significant confidentiality breaches within image processing applications. The affected services may include web servers handling user-uploaded images, content management systems processing media files, or specialized image analysis software used in enterprise environments. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to extract sensitive information from memory, potentially compromising the entire security posture of the affected system. The impact extends beyond simple data leakage since the extracted information could enable further attacks including privilege escalation or lateral movement within the network infrastructure.
This vulnerability aligns with CWE-129 and CWE-787, which specifically address issues related to input validation and out-of-bounds access in software applications. The threat model commonly maps to attack techniques described in the MITRE ATT&CK framework under T1059 for execution and T1566 for initial access through malicious file delivery. Organizations should implement comprehensive mitigation strategies including input validation, memory safety enhancements, and regular security updates to prevent exploitation of such vulnerabilities. System administrators should also consider implementing network segmentation and monitoring solutions to detect potential exploitation attempts and limit the impact of successful attacks.
The remediation approach requires immediate patching of affected image codec libraries and applications, combined with strict input sanitization measures. Organizations must ensure that all image processing components perform thorough validation of file headers, dimensions, and data structures before any processing occurs. Additionally, implementing address space layout randomization, stack canaries, and other memory protection mechanisms can significantly reduce the exploitability of such vulnerabilities while maintaining system functionality and performance standards.