CVE-2026-63230 in Koollab LMS
Summary
by MITRE • 07/29/2026
A pre-authentication error-based SQL injection vulnerability in Koollab LMS allowed an unauthenticated attacker to read sensitive database contents, including personally identifiable information, credentials, and valid JWT tokens that may enable account takeover, via the SCORM report endpoint.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 07/29/2026
This vulnerability represents a critical security flaw in the Koollab Learning Management System where an error-based SQL injection attack can be executed without requiring authentication credentials. The vulnerability specifically targets the SCORM report endpoint, which serves as a legitimate interface for generating learning analytics and reporting data within the educational platform. The attacker can exploit this weakness to extract sensitive database information including personally identifiable information personal identifiable information, user credentials, and JSON Web Tokens that could facilitate unauthorized account access and privilege escalation.
The technical implementation of this vulnerability stems from improper input validation and sanitization within the SCORM report processing logic. When the system receives malformed input through the endpoint, it fails to properly escape or filter special characters that are commonly used in SQL injection attacks. This allows attackers to inject malicious SQL commands directly into the database query execution flow, causing the system to return database contents as error messages or response data. The vulnerability operates at the application layer and demonstrates a classic lack of proper parameterized queries or input sanitization mechanisms.
The operational impact of this vulnerability extends beyond simple data exfiltration to encompass full account takeover capabilities. By extracting valid JWT tokens from the database, attackers can impersonate legitimate users and gain unauthorized access to sensitive learning management system functionality. The exposure of user credentials provides additional attack vectors for lateral movement within the system and potential access to other connected services or databases. The personally identifiable information compromised through this vulnerability could lead to identity theft, privacy violations, and regulatory compliance breaches under data protection frameworks such as gdpr and ccpa.
Organizations should implement comprehensive input validation measures including parameterized queries, proper escaping of special characters, and regular security testing of web application interfaces. The vulnerability aligns with CWE-89 which catalogs SQL injection weaknesses in software applications, and represents a direct violation of secure coding practices recommended by the owasp top ten project. Mitigation strategies should include immediate patching of affected systems, implementation of web application firewalls, and network segmentation to limit access to sensitive endpoints. Additionally, organizations must establish robust monitoring protocols to detect unusual data access patterns and implement proper authentication mechanisms for all system interfaces.
Security teams should conduct thorough penetration testing to identify similar vulnerabilities across other endpoints and ensure that all database interactions properly utilize prepared statements or parameterized queries. The vulnerability demonstrates the critical importance of maintaining up-to-date security patches and implementing defense-in-depth strategies that protect against both authenticated and unauthenticated attack vectors. Regular security awareness training for developers regarding secure coding practices and mandatory code reviews can help prevent similar injection vulnerabilities from being introduced into future system versions.
The presence of this vulnerability in a learning management system creates particular risk given the sensitive nature of educational data and user privacy requirements. Organizations utilizing such platforms must ensure compliance with applicable regulations including but not limited to the general data protection regulation, children's online privacy protection act, and other regional data protection laws that govern handling of personal information within educational environments. Incident response procedures should be established to quickly address any exploitation attempts and implement proper forensic analysis of affected systems.
The attack surface for this vulnerability extends to any system components that rely on database queries without proper sanitization, making it a critical concern for organizations maintaining web applications with database connectivity. The error-based nature of the injection means that attackers can potentially extract multiple database tables and columns through careful exploitation techniques, amplifying the potential damage from a single vulnerability. System administrators should monitor for unusual database access patterns and implement rate limiting on sensitive endpoints to reduce the effectiveness of automated attack tools targeting such vulnerabilities.