CVE-2012-5690 in RealPlayer
Summary
by MITRE
RealNetworks RealPlayer before 16.0.0.282 and RealPlayer SP 1.0 through 1.1.5 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a RealAudio file that triggers access to an invalid pointer.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 04/20/2021
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2012-5690 represents a critical heap-based buffer overflow flaw within RealNetworks RealPlayer software versions prior to 16.0.0.282 and RealPlayer SP 1.0 through 1.1.5. This vulnerability stems from improper input validation and memory management when processing RealAudio files, creating a pathway for remote code execution attacks that aligns with CWE-121 heap-based buffer overflow. The flaw specifically manifests when the player encounters malformed RealAudio content that triggers access to an invalid pointer, allowing attackers to manipulate memory structures and potentially execute malicious code with the privileges of the affected user.
The technical exploitation of this vulnerability occurs through the manipulation of RealAudio file structures that contain crafted data sequences designed to overflow allocated memory buffers. When RealPlayer processes these malicious files, the software fails to properly validate the length and structure of incoming audio data, leading to memory corruption that can be leveraged by attackers to overwrite critical memory locations including return addresses or function pointers. This type of vulnerability is classified under the ATT&CK framework as a code injection technique, specifically targeting memory corruption vulnerabilities that enable arbitrary code execution. The attack vector is particularly dangerous because it requires no user interaction beyond opening the malicious file, making it a prime candidate for drive-by download attacks and social engineering campaigns.
The operational impact of CVE-2012-5690 extends beyond simple remote code execution to encompass potential system compromise and data theft capabilities. Successful exploitation can result in complete system control, allowing attackers to install backdoors, steal sensitive information, or deploy additional malware. The vulnerability affects a wide range of systems since RealPlayer was widely distributed and used across various operating systems including Windows, macOS, and Linux platforms. Organizations and individuals using affected versions face significant risk exposure, as the vulnerability can be exploited through email attachments, malicious websites, or compromised networks without requiring any specialized knowledge from the end user. The remote nature of the attack means that adversaries can exploit systems from anywhere in the world, making this vulnerability particularly attractive for cybercriminal operations.
Mitigation strategies for CVE-2012-5690 primarily focus on immediate software updates and system hardening measures. The most effective solution involves upgrading to RealPlayer version 16.0.0.282 or later, which includes patches specifically addressing the heap overflow vulnerability. System administrators should implement network segmentation and content filtering to prevent access to potentially malicious RealAudio files, while also deploying intrusion detection systems that can identify suspicious file access patterns. Additional protective measures include disabling RealPlayer functionality in web browsers through plugin restrictions, implementing application whitelisting policies, and conducting regular security assessments to identify any remaining vulnerable systems. The vulnerability demonstrates the importance of maintaining up-to-date software and following security best practices as outlined in industry standards such as those provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Center for Internet Security. Organizations should also consider implementing endpoint protection solutions that can detect and prevent exploitation attempts targeting known vulnerabilities like this one.