CVE-2025-41404 in iroha Board
Summary
by MITRE • 06/26/2025
Direct request ('Forced Browsing') issue exists in iroha Board versions v0.10.12 and earlier. If this vulnerability is exploited, non-public contents may be viewed by an attacker who can log in to the affected product.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 10/01/2025
The CVE-2025-41404 vulnerability represents a critical access control flaw in iroha Board versions up to v0.10.12, specifically manifesting as a direct request issue or forced browsing vulnerability. This vulnerability stems from inadequate authorization checks within the application's request handling mechanism, allowing authenticated attackers to bypass normal access controls and directly access protected resources. The flaw exists in the application's routing or resource access logic where the system fails to properly validate whether the authenticated user has legitimate permissions to access specific content or endpoints.
This vulnerability operates at the application layer and directly impacts the principle of least privilege, which is fundamental to secure application design. When an attacker successfully exploits this issue, they can construct direct requests to access non-public content that should normally be restricted to authorized users only. The vulnerability is classified as a CWE-285: Improper Authorization, which is a well-documented weakness in software security that occurs when applications fail to properly enforce access controls for resources or functionality. The attack vector is particularly concerning because it requires only authentication to the system, not elevated privileges or additional exploitation techniques.
The operational impact of this vulnerability is significant as it allows unauthorized access to sensitive information that should remain protected within the application. Attackers can potentially access private boards, user data, administrative functions, or other restricted content that could lead to data breaches, privacy violations, and potential escalation of privileges. The vulnerability affects the confidentiality aspect of the CIA triad and could enable attackers to gather intelligence about system users, internal processes, or sensitive business information. According to ATT&CK framework, this maps to T1078: Valid Accounts and T1566: Phishing, as attackers can leverage legitimate access to expand their information gathering capabilities.
Mitigation strategies should focus on implementing robust access control mechanisms and proper input validation. Organizations should immediately upgrade to iroha Board version v0.10.13 or later where this vulnerability has been patched. Additionally, developers should implement comprehensive authorization checks at every request endpoint, ensuring that each access attempt is validated against proper user permissions. The application should enforce proper session management, implement role-based access controls, and utilize secure coding practices that prevent direct access to protected resources. Security monitoring should include detection of unusual access patterns or direct requests to protected endpoints, while regular security assessments should verify that all access controls are functioning correctly. Organizations should also consider implementing network-level controls and web application firewalls to detect and block suspicious direct requests to sensitive application resources.