CVE-2026-58997 in Android
Summary
by MITRE • 11/02/2026
In validateImageInfo of Bitmap.cpp, there is a possible out-of-bounds read due to a precondition check failure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
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Analysis
by VulDB Data Team • 11/02/2026
The vulnerability identified in the validateImageInfo function within Bitmap.cpp represents a critical memory safety issue characterized by an improper validation of input parameters prior to accessing image data structures. Specifically, this flaw stems from a precondition check failure where the software fails to adequately verify that array indices or buffer offsets are within valid bounds before performing read operations on bitmap metadata. In complex graphics processing pipelines, such as those found in operating system display managers or media frameworks, images are often processed through multiple layers of abstraction. When an image file is parsed, various attributes including width, height, stride, and pixel format must be validated to ensure that subsequent memory allocations and data accesses remain within the boundaries of allocated buffers. The failure to enforce these constraints allows for a scenario where maliciously crafted bitmap files can trigger out-of-bounds reads during the information validation phase.
From a technical perspective, this vulnerability aligns with CWE-125, which describes Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerabilities. These occur when software reads data from memory locations that are outside of the intended buffer boundaries. In the context of Bitmap.cpp, the lack of rigorous boundary checking means that an attacker can supply image dimensions or stride values that cause the validation logic to miscalculate valid access ranges. Consequently, the application may read sensitive information residing in adjacent memory regions that were not intended for exposure. This type of flaw is particularly dangerous because it does not require code execution privileges; rather, it relies on the ability to trigger the parsing routine with specific inputs, which can often be achieved through passive means such as visiting a malicious webpage or opening a compromised image file via an email client or document viewer.
The operational impact of this vulnerability centers on local information disclosure. By exploiting the out-of-bounds read, an attacker may extract sensitive data from the process memory space, potentially including cryptographic keys, session tokens, private user files, or other confidential information stored in adjacent heap or stack regions. Since no additional execution privileges are required and user interaction is not strictly necessary for exploitation, the attack surface is significantly broadened. An adversary could automate this process by hosting a malicious website that automatically loads and parses crafted bitmap images using browser-based rendering engines or system-level image processing libraries. This passive delivery mechanism increases the likelihood of successful compromise without requiring social engineering tactics to trick users into clicking links or opening attachments manually.
This vulnerability is also relevant to MITRE ATT&CK techniques related to Collection, specifically T1005 Data from Local System, as it facilitates the unauthorized acquisition of data directly from the victim's device memory. Furthermore, it relates to T1203 Exploitation for Client Side Attack if leveraged through web browsers or other client applications that process image files automatically. The absence of user interaction makes this a high-severity risk in environments where users frequently encounter untrusted media content online or via network shares.
To mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, developers must implement rigorous input validation within the validateImageInfo function and related parsing routines. This includes enforcing strict bounds checking on all image dimensions, ensuring that calculated memory offsets do not exceed allocated buffer sizes, and validating stride values against actual row widths. Adopting safe programming practices such as using bounded array access functions or implementing address space layout randomization can further reduce exploitability. Additionally, deploying runtime protection mechanisms like Data Execution Prevention and stack canaries may help detect abnormal memory accesses before they result in information leakage. Regular security audits focusing on graphics processing code paths are essential to identify similar precondition failures across the codebase.